Editorial for An Exponentiation Problem


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Author: Ninjaclasher

There were multiple ways to solve this.

In Java or Python, there exists a standard library method that we could use to solve this exact problem.

In Python, this is:

pow(base, exponent, modulo)

In Java, this is:

BigInteger.modPow(exponent, modulo);

If you are not using the aforementioned languages, such as C/C++, you needed to code a power function. However, notice that M \le 10^9, meaning that simply multiplying M times is too slow, and will TLE. We can use a method called Exponentiation by squaring to reduce the time complexity to a sub-linear one instead of a linear one.

Time Complexity: \mathcal{O}(\log M)


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